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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Complex adaptive leadership ： ウィキペディア英語版 Complex adaptive leadership Complex adaptive leadership (CAL) is a complementary approach to leadership based on a polyarchic assumption (i.e. leadership of the many by the many), rather than based on an oligarchic assumption (i.e. leadership of the many by the few). Leadership in this theory is seen as a complex dynamic involving all, rather than only a role or attribute within a hierarchy. The theory calls for skills, attributes and roles which are additional to the demands of traditional leadership. The theory draws from complexity science and from complex adaptive systems theory. == Origins == The underlying philosophy of complex adaptive leadership is not new, and the roots of the theory's approach to leadership can be traced as far back as the writings of Lau Tzu's Tao Te Ching (c. 500BC) where Lau Tzu wrote of the best leader: "when the task is done, the people will say we did it ourselves".〔Tzu, L (1994) "Tao Te Ching" trans. M. Kwok, eds M. Palmer and J. Ramsay, Element Classical Editions〕 More modern roots include the situational leadership theory of Hersey and Blanchard,〔Hersey P., Blanchard K.H. (1969) "Life Cycle theory of Leadership", Training and Development Journal, 1969 no 23〕 Greenleaf's servant leadership,〔Greenleaf, R. (1977) "Servant Leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness" Paulist press〕 the emergent strategy and shared leadership approach of Mintzberg,〔Mintzberg H., "Power in and around organisations" Prentice Hall 1983〕 the adaptive leadership of Heifitz and others,〔Heifitz R.A., Laurie D.L. (1997) "The work of Leadership", Harvard Business Review Jan/Feb 1997〕〔Heifitz R.A, Grashow A., Linsky M., (2009) "Practice of Adpative Leadership: Tools and Tactics for Changing Your Organization and the World: A Fieldbook for Practitioners", Harvard Business Press and Ronald Heifetz〕 as well as the more recent distributed leadership of Spillane.〔Spillane, J.P (2005) "Distributed Leadership", The Educational Forum Volume 69 Winter 2005〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Complex adaptive leadership」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.